Cost-benefit analysis of the ban on drugs in netherlands Essay

Money saving advantage examination of the prohibition on drugs in netherlands - Essay Example Money saving advantage examination of the prohibition on drugs in netherlands The case under investigation will consider the utilization of money saving advantage examination as one of the monetary way to deal with testing the cost that the general public will cause on the off chance that they settle on both of the referenced arrangements (Cleveland, 2008, p. 563). On the opposite side of the coin, the advantage that every one of the two alternatives will accumulate will likewise be estimated, and the further orderly test method qualifies one to be received. Monetary arrangements over the world have been impacted by both political and social variables. It is important that the general government assistance of individuals is given need. In any financial thought in the general public, basic investigation should be done to discover its advantage or misfortune to the individuals. Different ideas are relevant in this regard yet their utilizations likewise rely upon the idea of financial factors under inquiry (Chris and Wilhite 2004, pp. 108-9). Money saving advanta ge examination is a financial idea that has a wide use. In venture examination it is one of the suggested strategies for testing the feasibility of a task. . It is a twofold looked top to bottom examination of the different cost that would be brought about in making a given venture strategy and contrasting and the advantage that would be acquired from effectively attempted the task under inquiry. Its application isn't just constrained to financial activities yet in addition covers the political choices that are pegged on monetary outcomes. A model incorporates choices by the legislature to present a given rule that will manage a given conduct of a particular gathering of individuals. In such manner, the Netherlands is confronted with an arrangement situation of whether to authorize the previously mentioned drugs or to put a boycott. A portion of the difficulties that it faces are the issue of a high inundation of voyagers who represent a danger to the law directing the utilization o f these medications (Miron and Zwiebel, 2005, pp.67-8). It is, subsequently, essential to draw a money saving advantage model that would check what direction is the best to go. Social expense of preclusion will in general be higher as it triggers different socials ills in the general public, which means retrogressive financial course of the nation. On the opposite side, authorization accompanies a few expenses of detailing and fitting the lawful arrangement over the different gatherings of individuals that incorporate residents and outsiders without making any negative effect on the strategic relations with different states and the travel industry division (Miron, 2001, p. 851). In assessing the expenses, there is a breakdown of different unmistakable and immaterial expenses, and this is a trait of the legitimate recommendations that the Dutch specialists are attempting to put over. Advantages as far as financial approach likewise have a wide use and summarize all the positive commi tments of a given thought which incorporates decrease of negative variables. In applying the idea of money saving advantage examination on account of this nation, we are essentially expecting that the cost has a negative sign while the advantages have positive signs. At the point when the two are summarized, a positive sign is regarded adequate; the negative outcome, then again, is viewed as a weight while zero may imply that different components are mulled over. According to the instance of forcing a restriction on the medications, a ton of social expenses are prominent (Chris and Wilhite, 2004, p. 114; Cleveland, 2008, p. 577). One of them is the

The Weather and Folklore of Altocumulus Clouds

The Weather and Folklore of Altocumulus Clouds An altocumulus cloud is a center level cloud that lives between 6,500 to 20,00 feet over the ground and is made of water. Its name originates from the Latin Altus meaning high Cumulus importance piled. Altocumulus mists are of the stratocumuliform cloud family (physical structure) and are one of the 10 essential cloud types. There are four types of cloud underneath the altocumulus sort: altocumulus lenticularis (fixed focal point molded mists that are frequently confused with UFOs)altocumulus castellanus (altocumulus with tower-like sproutings that surge upwards)altocumulus stratiformis (altocumulus in sheets or generally level patches)altocumulus floccus (altocumulus with dissipated tufts and fringy lower parts) The shortened form for altocumulus mists is (Ac). Cotton Balls in the Sky Altocumulus are usually observed on warm spring and summer mornings. Theyre probably the least complex mists to distinguish, particularly since they look like wads of cotton stuck into the blue foundation of the sky. Theyre regularly white or dark in shading and are masterminded in patches of wavy, adjusted masses or rolls. Altocumulus mists are frequently called sheepback or mackerel sky since they look like the fleece of sheep and sizes of mackerel fish. Bellwethers of Bad Weather Altocumulus mists that show up on an unmistakable damp morning can demonstrate the improvement of rainstorms later in the day. That is on the grounds that altocumulus mists regularly go before chilly fronts of low-pressure frameworks. All things considered, they likewise once in a while signal the beginning of cooler temperatures. While they are not mists from which precipitation falls, their essence signals convection and flimsiness at mid-levels of the troposphere. Altocumulus in Weather Folklore Mackerel sky, mackerel sky. Never long wet and never long dry.Mackerel scales and female horses tails make elevated boats convey low sails. On the off chance that youre an aficionado of climate legends, youve likely heard the above colloquialisms, the two of which are valid. The primary bit of legend cautions that if altocumulus mists are seen and pneumatic force starts to fall, the climate wont be dry for any longer since it might begin pouring inside 6 hours time. In any case, when the downpour comes, it wont be wet for long in light of the fact that as the warm front passes, so too will the precipitation. The subsequent rhyme cautions boats to lower and take in their sails for a similar explanation; a tempest might be drawing nearer soon and the sails ought to be brought down to shield them from the going with high breezes.

On MIT and Humanities

On MIT and Humanities Over this past weekend, many prefroshies asked me a very interesting question and I believe that this warrants a more drawn-out response from me. I hope the rest of you will similarly find this useful. MIT is just too nerdy. I question whether I would even be able to find a balanced humanities and science education at MIT. First off, here are a few things that you should really ask yourself about MIT, just to begin with: 1. Do you like science? 11. Do you want MIT to completely change the way you think about and look at science? 21. Even if you dont want to major in science, do you think you will be able to complete the core sequence of 2 semesters of calculus, 2 semesters of physics, 1 semester of chemistry, 1 semester of biology, 2 electives in science, and 1 lab course? 1211. Do you enjoy the culture? Is MIT somewhere you can see yourself being at for the next 4 years? If the answers to all of the above is yes! then youre ready to move on Again, I hate doing the been there-done that talk (really!), but I really have no better way to begin this so here goes: I love the humanities. If you havent noticed already. My favorite class by far in high school was AP English Literature. When our Lit teacher first dissected The Four Quartets for us that warm sunny day in March of my senior year, my view towards English Literature changed forever. I kept the Norton anthology that we used as a textbook in the class, and its been a regular favorite on my shelf at MIT ever since. Equally, my other true love is History. AP US History was not enough to quench my insatiable thirst for history I did AP Euro History and AP World History via self-study and proceeded to get 5s in all three subjects. For a long time, I flirted with the idea of majoring in History at some really liberal-artsy college, although I eventually came to the decision that if history was a real passion for me, Ill always be able to do it on the side, as a complement to my life (aka. I dont have to actually major in it in college). Given all of this, I turned down offers to Brown, Columbia (Davis Scholar), and Stanford (all having perceived better humanities programs than MIT does), when decision time came. Many people have asked me why afterwards and whether I seriously thought that MIT was the best choice for me (they love to say, disdainfully, isnt MIT a school for nerds?). Heres what I think: 111221. MIT has a small humanities program, but what we have are excellent. 312211. When you say a school is good in the humanities, you still cant take every single class that the school offers. (lets face it as great as Harvard is, you cant possibly take 1,000+ of their stellar humanities classes in 8 semesters. youll still have to pick and choose) 13112221. Following from what was pointed out in number 312211 above MIT has more than enough awesome humanities classes for you to easily fill up your eight semesters here. 1113213211. If you still think thats not enough cross-reg at Harvard! I think it all comes down to whether you want to be the big fish in the small pond, or the small fish in the big pond. I think its fair to say and I dont think anyone can deny that MIT does have a higher proportion of science freaks and people who rather not see another literary analysis prompt for the rest of their life compared to most leading universities that are not engineering and science-focused. However, if you think about it in the other direction being a great humanities student here just means that you have more room to shine and stand out amongst your peers. For example, you can opt to apply to become a Burchard Scholar (which Paul and I both are). The Burchard Scholars program identifies a group of students strongly interested in the humanities and connects them with the humanities faculty and visiting scholars and speakers for speaker dinner series and other events. For example, one of the best parts so far was meeting Yo-Yo Ma when he came to Boston in an outing organized by the Burchard Scholars program (we got a free ticket to his show at Symphony Hall too! and psst, hes in one of the photos on that blog I linked to if you cant find him). For example, the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (21F! my favorite department here 3) awards outstanding students in the study of foreign language through their annual awards. Many opportunities via the MISTI international internship program are also possible if you demonstrate competence in a foreign language. For example, the Department of Literature (21L) offers an exciting series of literature classes that are generally only a dozen students in size, providing great interaction between professors and students for knowledge exchange, relationship building, and lets face it recommendation letters. 21L also receives some of the highest course evaluation scores at MIT, if youre curious. (for the record, 21F receives the highest course evaluation scores, teehee) Not enough awesome yet? Junot Diaz teaches two writing courses at MIT, MIT has a vibrant Arts community, and the list just goes on and on.. Sure, we make jokes about science and math all the time and our professors have a propensity to fill the blackboard completely with unintelligible Greek symbols during math class but you can still find a strong humanities community here if you just look for it and chase after your passions. This said, I want to point out some other reasons why I feel like if you are a strong humanities student, it may even be better for you to come to MIT rather than another traditional humanities school. 31131211131221. MIT will completely revamp the way that you think about science. On the eve of nearly being halfway through my MIT career, I realized that quietly and slowly one problem set at a time MIT has changed the way that I perceive science. Back in high school, I used to get by by memorizing patterns, tricks, and shortcuts to pass all my exams and assignments. However, MIT has taught me that I cant rely on these things forever. If you were doing original research in cancer which no one has done before and in which there are no established answers, then what do you do in that case? MIT trains us to be problem solvers and independent thinkers. This is why they hit us with insanely difficult psets this is why they give us exams in which we feel like we always have no time to finish this is why our science courses go nearly 2x or 3x faster than state colleges and many Ivies.* (*independently verified by the author) MIT wants to instill in us the confidence that after we leave the Institvte, we would be able to tackle whatever problems come our way, either through our own ability or with help from teammates. Being a good humanities student, youre getting an education which would make you stand out from your other literary peers a rigorous scientific mindset and a keen eye for patterns, observations, and drawing conclusions. 13211311123113112211. Research opportunities. Word. I feel like this is something that I can never emphasize enough the awesomeness of MIT UROP (Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program). At MIT, you have the opportunity to do original research in almost any field conceivable here with amazing faculty and staff who are the vanguards in their respective fields. Whats even more amazing that a sizable number of these labs are willing to take on people with little-to-none experience and take the time to train you to become a valuable intern! When a friend that I know at UPenn is struggling really hard to even get a basic research position in a biology lab there, this kind of access to research jobs at MIT is almost unbelievable. For me, I started out in a C. elegans lab with absolutely zero biology lab experience aside from looking at pretty slides and dissecting rats in AP Bio. I worked there for six months, learning the valuable ins-and-outs of basic bio research like setting up a PCR, running a gel, and purifying DNA. On the side, I learned a ton about the genetics of C. elegans, an organism I didnt even know existed before coming to MIT. Six months later, satisfied with my experience, I embarked on finding another UROP this time in Anthropology (21A). Having taken NO classes in my life whatsoever in Anthopology, I began researching the state of indigenous rights in Nicaragua, which would culminate into a report sent to the United Nations Human Rights Council. This is more like an UROP that I just picked up for fun this semester and a one-shot-deal, but it just goes to show how willing professors are in letting undergrads work side-by-side with them. :) Since coming to MIT, Ive channeled my love of history by teaching a 6-week AP World History course to eight high school kids through the ESP Junction program last summer. My kids went on to score 770s and 800s on their SAT World History exams and many of them are anticipating a really good score in the upcoming AP exams next month. :) Ive explored diverse subjects across the Architecture, Economics, Political Science, Writing, and Foreign Language departments. Im part of the MIT Model United Nations team (serving as the 09-10 president for the group) again, a very humanities activity, you probably would agree. I just got accepted to an US-Japan Student Conference where selected American university students meet with similarly selected Japanese counterparts to discuss many global social, environmental, and political topics in Japan this summer. Ive strengthened my Japanese and Spanish ability, leading to two utterly phenomenal IAPs in those aforementioned countries. and Im still enjoying every moment of my humanities education at MIT. Honest. :) ps. I owe you all a giant photo blog soon =p

Biography on Charles Dickens - 627 Words

This greatest of Victorian writers was born in Landport, Portsmouth, on February 7, 1812. His father John worked as a clerk in the Navy Payroll Office in Portsmouth. The elder Dickens was transfered several times, first to London, then to Chatham, and finally, in 1822, back to London, where the family lived in Camden Town. John Dickens was constantly in debt, and in 1824 he was imprisoned in Marshalsea debtors prison (Southwark). Charles was forced to leave school at the age of 12 and go to work in a bootblack factory to help support the Dickens family.It was his personal experience of factory work and the living conditions of the poor that created in Dickens the compassion which was to mark his literary works such as Oliver Twist. Dickens was released from the purgatory of Warrens Blacking Factory when his father received a legacy from a relative, and could finally pay his debts and be set free from Marshalsea. Charles went to Wellington House Academy for two years, then took work at Grays Inn as a clerk. Dickens worked as a Parliamentary reporter before finally moving on to The Morning Chronicle in 1834. His first published work appeared in Monthly Magazine in December 1833, and he followed it with nine more, penning his name as Boz to the last two articles. The pseudonym Boz was drawn from a pet name for his younger brother when they were children. In 1836 his articles were compiled and published as Sketches by Boz. Shortly after Boz was published, DickensShow MoreRelatedCharles Dickens Biography1626 Words   |  7 Pagesattention to the childhood cruelty, the less fortunate in an English society, and the unwealthy dysfunctional families of the early Victorian time period. Charles Dickens reflects these and other issues as he brings to life the realism of writing. While others were writing about the way things should be, rather than the way things were, Dickens was challenging these ideas, and argued that paupers and criminals were not evil at birth. This was an act of rebellion, for he in fact was showing the VictorianRead MoreCharles Dickens: A Brief Biography Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pages Charles Dickens Ruth Glancy, a world-renowned Dickens scholar, believed that Charles Dickens blended the Romanticism era, the Industrial age, and the Victorian era into unforgettable novels that still had the whimsical, imaginative part of life. Ruth conceded, â€Å" Dickens increasingly saw the need for finding and nurturing the imaginative core of life that can prevail even in the middle of the modern industrial city (Glancy 17).† Charles used his own experiences and imagination to evoke storiesRead MoreCharles Dickens Biography Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens, the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens, was born in Landport on 7th February 1812. John Dickens worked as a clerk at the Navy pay office in Portsmouth. He later found work in Chatham and Charles, the second of seven children, went to the local school. John Dickens found it difficult to provide for his growing family on his meager income. In 1822 the family moved to Camden Town in London. John Dickens debts had become so severe that all the household goods were sold. Still unableRead MoreIn His Biography of Charles Dickens, Edgar Johnson Writes ‘’a Christmas Carol’ Is a Parable of Social Redemption and Scrooge’s Conversion Is the Conversion for Which Dickens Hopes Among Mankind’ Discuss.1134 Words   |  5 Pagesnovella written by Charles Dickens which illustrates a somewhat happy Christmas story that highlights the importance of being a kind hearted person. Throughout his novella, Dickens’s shows the reader his intended moral of the story, that Scrooge’s transformation at the end of the novella is what Dickens’s hopes that our world will too surely change. This is evident throughout the novella as he depicts Scrooge (before the conversion), the main character; to stand for al l that Dickens is against. He alsoRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens: Carrying a Burden of Social Responsibility705 Words   |  3 PagesCharles Dickens: Carrying a Burden of Social Responsibility Charles Dickens’ classic novella A Christmas Carol, focuses on the social responsibility of the wealthy to help the poor and less fortunate. Dickens, having lived in poverty as a child, knew of the many struggles of the lower class of London. As an author, he made it his goal to reform England as best he could. Many of his works ran in his weekly journal, Household Words, including Christmas Stories and Great Expectations. In a ChristmasRead MoreEveryone Appreciates A Good, Rags, And Oliver Twist1728 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone appreciates a good ‘rags to riches’ story. Charles Dickens did as well, in fact it could be said that his own story was one of rags to riches. Dickens knew poverty, he also knew people, and how poverty can effect and change them. Over the course of his life he wrote some of the most famous and beloved stories, from â€Å"A Christmas Carol,† â€Å"Great Expectation†, and â€Å"Oliver Twist†, to â€Å"Nicholas Nickle by† and â€Å"Davis Copperfield.† Today Dickens is considered to be by many, one of the most well-knownRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens A Great Writer1105 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2015 Remembering Charles Dickens Charles Dickens is a famous author who wrote numerous books which were enjoyed by many throughout the years. His books are known xquisite characters and real-life settings. Charles experienced difficult times as a young boy (â€Å"Charles Dickens† par. 7). These difficult times followed him throughout his life. He uses ideas from these struggles to express his feelings through the books he writes. The many struggles of Charles Dickens’ early childhood greatlyRead MoreEssay on Oliver Twist901 Words   |  4 PagesSociety or a Biography With all of the symbolism and moral issues represented in Oliver Twist, all seem to come from real events from the life of its author, Charles Dickens. The novel’s protagonist, Oliver, is a good person at heart surrounded by the filth of the London streets, filth that Dickens himself was forced to deal with in his everyday life. It’s probable that the reason Oliver Twist contains so much fear and agony is because it’s a reflection of occurrences in Charles Dickens past. Oliver

Understanding malaria Free Essay Example, 1250 words

An individual infected with malaria can witness its symptoms within a period of 7-21 days after which the health of the individuals gets deteriorated (UNICEF, â€Å"Malaria Prevention and Treatment. †). 2. With regards to determine the current knowledge on malaria, it is often considered that this particular disease affects the health and wealth of a particular nation at large. It is worth mentioning in this regard that the economic growth of a nation with huge extent of malaria transmission is relatively lower as compared to the nations free from malaria. Numerous economists conceived that malaria has been the cause of ‘growth penalty’ at the rate of 1.3% annually in African regions (Isle, â€Å"Malaria†). At present, issues related to malaria have significantly decreased in nations that remain much focused towards developing effective strategies for precluding and controlling malaria. Current knowledge on this disease in the course of pregnancy supports the fact that ‘intermittent presumptive therapy’ (IPT) along with ‘sulphadoxine or pyrimethamine’ must be used to prevent a women to get severely affected with malaria during gestation (Isle, â€Å"Malaria†). We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding malaria or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 3. Malaria is considered as a systematic disease wherein various systems within a human body gets affected as the erythrocytes get infested. Symptoms of malaria are indicated through a compound syndrome, which is developed through ‘host’ and ‘parasite’ causes. Malaria affects the RBCs within a human body due to which these cells get engaged in processes such as ‘rosetting’, ‘antigenic variation’ and ‘cytoadherence’. The figure below provides a clear idea regarding how malaria is related to the subject of biology or microbiology (Kirchgatter and Portillo, â€Å"Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Severe Malaria†). Fig. 1: Illustration of how parasites (i. e. black circles) affects blood vessels. The arrow depicts how infected RBCs get engaged in cytoadherence and rosetting Source: (Kirchgatter and Portillo, â€Å"Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Severe Malaria†) 4. Malaria can be defined as an infection, which is triggered by infected parasites that spread by female Anopheles mosquitos. In order to gather relevant information pertaining to malaria, a personal interview with George Thompson who was previously diagnosed with malaria has been conducted. The interview offered valuable input regarding malaria and its impact on physical as well as mental health of the individuals. It was revealed that Thompson initially suffered through fever and vomiting, however he failed to recognise that it was the initial symptom of malaria.

Risks of Youth Using Social Media ( Privacy Issues) Free Essays

Clinical Report: The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families Gwenn Schurgin O’Keeffe, Kathleen Clarke Pediatrics Volume 127, Number 4, April 2011 pp. 800-804 RISKS OF YOUTH USING SOCIAL MEDIA Engaging in various forms of social media is a routine activity that research has shown to benefit children and adolescents by enhancing communication, social connection, and even technical skills. Social media sites such as Facebook and MySpace offer multiple daily opportunities for connecting with friends, classmates, and people with shared interests. We will write a custom essay sample on Risks of Youth Using Social Media ( Privacy Issues) or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the last 5 years, the number of preadolescents and adolescents using such sites has increased dramatically. Since a large part of this generation’s social and emotional development is occurring while on the Internet and on cell phones, children and adolescents are at some risk as they navigate and experiment with social media, because of their limited capacity for self-regulation and susceptibility to peer pressure. Recent research indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviors, such as bullying, and sexual experimentation, that have introduced problems such as cyber-bullying, privacy issues, and sexting. Cyber-bullying Cyber-bullying is deliberately using digital media to communicate false, embarrassing, or hostile information about another person. It is the most common online risk for all teens and is a peer-to-peer risk. Although â€Å"online harassment† is often used interchangeably with the term â€Å"cyber-bullying,† it is actually a different entity. Current data suggest that online harassment is not as common as offline harassment (Lenhart, 2007), and participation in social networking sites does not put most children at risk of online harassment (Ybarra Mitchell, 2008). On the other hand, cyber-bullying is quite common, can occur to any young person online, and can cause profound psychosocial outcomes including depression, anxiety, severe isolation, and, tragically, suicide (Hinduja Patchin, 2010). Sexting Sexting can be defined as â€Å"sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, photographs, or images via cell phone, computer, or other digital devices†(Berkshire District Attorney, 2010). Many of these images become distributed rapidly via cell phones or the Internet. This phenomenon does occur among the teen population; a recent survey revealed that 20% of teens have sent or posted nude or seminude photographs or videos of themselves (National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2010). Some teens who have engaged in sexting have been threatened or charged with felony child pornography charges, although some states have started characterizing such behaviors as juvenile-law misdemeanors (Gifford, 2010; Walker, 2010). Additional consequences include school suspension for perpetrators and emotional distress with accompanying mental health conditions for victims. In many circumstances, however, the sexting incident is not shared beyond a small peer group or a couple and is not found to be distressing at all (Lenhart, 2009). Facebook Depression Researchers have proposed a new phenomenon called â€Å"Facebook depression,† defined as depression that develops when preteens and teens spend a great deal of time on social media sites, such as Facebook, and then begin to exhibit classic symptoms of depression (Davilla et al. 2009; Sturm, 2010). Acceptance by and contact with peers is an important element of adolescent life. The intensity of the online world is thought to be a factor that may trigger depression in some adolescents. As with offline depression, preadolescents and adolescents who suffer from Facebook depression are at risk for social isolation and sometimes turn to risky Internet sites a nd blogs for â€Å"help† that may promote substance abuse, unsafe sexual practices, or aggressive or self-destructive behaviors. How to cite Risks of Youth Using Social Media ( Privacy Issues), Papers

Measurable Social Media Marketing Strategy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Measurable Social Media Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction The marketing strategy is used by Nike, New Zealand to combine the various goals and objectives of marketing and conduct a market research to focus on the product and marketing mix and achieve the maximum level of profit in business. The marketing strategy s also used to create an effective marketing plan and ensure that the company sustains in the competitive business environment with ease and effectiveness. To conduct the research on the implementation of marketing strategies, it will be essential to set proper marketing goals and objectives, conduct the market research and analyse the target customers and competitors to make the company implement the most suitable marketing strategy properly (nike.com, 2017). The market research will be conducted by using SWOT and PESTLE anlaysis, analyse the target customers and competitors of Nike. This will make the company implement effective marketing strategies and create a good place within the business environment. Marketing goals and objectives The sales objective, as it could be seen by analyzing the marketing strategies of Nike, were to distribute the high quality sports shoes at lower prices and create a dominant marketplace within the shoe industry of New Zealand. The sales objective is also to maintain the good quality of products and services offered and make those available easily in the market place (Aaker, 2013). To focus on the objective of achieving the highest level of profit, the organization has met the requirements of customers in the different market segments and even promoted sustainable development of product design and novelty. The pricing objectives are to deliver the highest quality of products at the most competitive price and use sustainable methods to reduce the costs of operations, manufacturing and production and promote the development of innovative designs that can full the needs and requirements of the customers. This would also allow the young customers to reap the maximum benefits from exercising (Armstrong et al., 2015). The product objectives include development of the right kinds of products that can satisfy the customers and even combine all the important components of a product such as price, product features, places where the products are distributed and even how the products would be promoted to gain the attention of the customers. This would influence their buying behaviors and allow them to make purchases consistently, furthermore achieving the desired level of profit that the company had been aiming for (Baker, 2014). Few other marketing goals and objectives are maintaining the quality of products and services of Nike and ensure that these are easily available in the market, fulfill the requirements and needs of the customers in different market segments and establish sustainable methods for creating products that can reduce the amount of packaging wastes, prevent use of harmful chemicals and substances and maintain the ecological balance in nature too. The objective is also to achieve climate neutrality by preventing any carbon emissions that may be generated during the processes of manufacturing and production (Benjaafar, Li Daskin, 2013). The marketing strategies are implemented to stay ahead of all the other sports companies and make sure that the products and services are available to the customers all around the world. This could help in maintaining a better position through supply of good quality products and innovative designs for attracting the most numbers of customers belonging from di fferent backgrounds and cultures. The marketing strategies would be implemented to ensure that all kinds of products and services should be available in the markets and stores and could meet the changing demands and preferences of the customers (Berthon et al., 2012). To make the marketing strategies implementation successful, it is also important for Nike to value and respect the stakeholders such as suppliers, shareholders, customers, employees and the community and fulfill their needs and requirements to achieve the highest amount of share in the market. Encouragement of environment friendly and pollution free development strategies is another major goal or objective that can reduce the emissions of harmful gases and wastes during the processes of manufacturing and production. All these objectives, when achieved, could not only help in delivering the best quality products and services at lower prices but would also result in having a better market share along with maintenance of ecological balance in nature too (Brohi et al., 2016). Market research The research on market is conducted to identify the needs and requirements of the customers in the market, develop a profile of the competitors, identify the pricing strategies, and supply chains to make the organization gain more profit and competitive advantage in business. The market research is possible with the use of SWOT and PESTLE framework to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the market by the assessment of market size, growth, performance regarding sales along with the sales trends, social and demographics factors too (Caniato et al., 2012). Nike has a huge market share in not only New Zealand but also in various countries all over the world, because of its wide range of products available for the customers in different segments of market. Nike has developed shoes for all kinds of sports including soccer, tennis, basketball and even for golf and due to this, it is one of the number one choice for the athletes as well. Nikes targeted market segments are not limited, because of which, more customers have been attracted, which has created enough opportunities for the company to sustain in the business (Chaffey Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). Nike has a market size of 29 billion US dollars only from its footwear segment with 23 percent of the global athletic footwear market share. The brand value is worth 29.6 billion dollars for Nike, New Zealand. Nike has been the clear winner here, as it can be seen from the analysis. Nike has experienced a solid growth in revenue and this has kept the company stay ahead of its competitors like Adidas, Rebook, etc. Though the company generates good amounts of revenue, still due to the emergence of other organizations, the growth in revenue over the last few decades has reduced largely. Based on the future demands and preferences of the customers, the demands for the basketball shoes have also decreased and remained soft when compared to the previous years (Eggers, Hansen Davis, 2012). The sales performance of Nike has improved with the implementation of good advertising strategies for increasing the demands in the market segments and spread positive brand images. The targeted market has been changed from the teenagers to the young customers to expand the target market and deliver superior quality shoes that have innovative style and are reliable and authentic in their own segments. The e-commerce technologies have benefited the company by making products and services available online and delivered those to them with ease and efficiency. This has been a growing trend for the company, which has improved the sales performance largely, thereby achieving higher amounts of profit and competitive advantage in business (Ferrell Hartline, 2012). The e-commerce growth has resulted in making digital commerce sales, which has generated more sales revenue and even has helped the company to achieve the target with ease. From the analysis of sales performance, it could be understood that Nike has stayed ahead of Adidas and Puma and had sustained in the competitive market place too. It has a sales revenue of 29.1 billion dollars, which is quite higher than the other two companies within the footwear industry. The sales of Nike have increased for the past few years hugely and it has not only resulted in gaining good amounts of return, which is far more than the investments that were made earlier. Based on the analysis of two years, though without considering the past few years, it could be seen that the sales trends had increased potentially. The social trends embraced by Nike have facilitated the implementation of sustainable approaches for changing the lives of people as well as prioritize on the strategies to create a healthier and eco-friendly environment. The corporate social responsibility allowed the company to undertake approaches like innovation of performance, managing volatility of cost of resources, effective supply chain activities, etc. that have helped in maintaining production of good quality and environment friendly products to create a better place for people to live in the future (Hartley Claycomb, 2013). The demographic segmentation helped in making different products available for different market segments comprising of children, young adults and mature individuals. The company provides shoes, clothing and other athletic accessories that are of good qualities and have helped the company to enter new markets with ease and efficiency (Hollensen, 2015). Few major strengths of the organization are its strong brand name and image, good quality research and development activities to introduce wide range of new products and services, availability of good quality shoes and apparel products at comparatively lower prices and competitive advantage has been gained by the organization too. It sells shoes for various sports activities like basketball, golf, tennis, football. The Make to stock customer order used by Nike had facilitated the delivery of fast services to the customers and because of the huge numbers of outlets in more than 180 countries; the sales had been growing consistently (Gordon, 2012). The string research and development activities had helped in innovating the products and services and ensure that the highest quality products and services were offered to keep the customers inclined to the company. Nike, being a global brand holds a recognizable logo named Swoosh, which had been quite popular among the customers as well. The revenue generated is entirely dependent upon the market share of the footwear industry, which is considered as a major weakness. The retailers of shoes and clothing items are price sensitive due to the absence of own retailers of the company, which can also led to less market share. Because of the high level of dependence on the market share, the company might be vulnerable to lesser sales when the market share declines (Hartley Claycomb, 2013). The development of products has provided enough opportunities to Nike because it has not only attracted the attention of many athletes, but also has become popular as a major fashion brand within the youth culture. There are other opportunities as well, such as development of sportswear, sunglasses, jewelry and shoes too. These high value products and services have helped in generating higher profit in business. The development of business globally has strengthened its brand name and image, furthermore supported many popular events and sports to spread brand messages related to the products of the company (Haumann et al., 2014). One of the major threats is the huge amount of competition in the market by Adidas, Rebook, etc. Nike has been exposed to the international nature of trade and so it purchases and sells products in varied currencies, which has created instable cost and margin of profit. There is huge competition in the sports shoes and apparel market, because of which the competitors have developed alternative brand products to take most of the market share that Nike currently possessed (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh Best, 2013). New Zealand has good numbers of policies and procedures for growth, which has been beneficial for the organization such as low rate of interest and structured tax agreements. Changes in tax and political issues can also result in preventing the import and export activities for Nike. By cooperating with the Government, it has become easy for Nike to enable transparency in the global value chain and deliver its products and services all over the world (Hollensen, 2015). The brand equity technique is embraced by Nike to get benefited from the growing demands and preferences of the consumers and furthermore expanded its value chain. The company has provided employment opportunities to a huge number of people in New Zealand and this has provided the local rate to the labor force. The revenue is somewhat dependent upon the low cost labour and as it is changing, the prices of products of Nike are higher as well. With good amount of capital, Nike has all the necessary resources to enter the new markets and sell products properly (Huang, 2012). Nike has maintained a good social status by providing products and services to the customers that can make them lead a better lifestyle. The sustainable processes managed by the company have improved the health consciousness and even made the company create less negative impact on the environment. The organization has complied with the requirements related to the pay structure of employees and delivering good working conditions to the people for maintaining stability within the workplace. This has maintained the organizational standards and ensured that the products and services developed could fulfill the quality standards properly (Khan, 2014). Digital metrics have been used to analyse the demands and preferences of the consumers and enable segmentation of market to manage transactions and supply chains with convenience. The technological advancements have also created good working conditions for the employees, therefore reduced the turnover of employees and undermined the efficiency of the workforce. The company has focused on its marketing effort by embracing digital technologies to focus on the e-commerce and digital sports. The Nike Fuel Band product has personalized the experience of customer and even tracked the level of workouts (Kim et al., 2012). This kind of technological innovation has also given the organization an edge over its competitors by attracting the young customers and deliver feedbacks related to the overall experiences of customers. The segmentation of demographics is a major factor that has impacted the organization by allowing it to target the customers according to their ages gender, occupation, life cycle, etc. Nike mostly targets the customers aged between 18 to 40 years for developing brand trust and loyalty. The company has implemented various marketing campaigns to attract the athletes and even acted as major sponsors to top sports events. A wide range of womens apparel and accessories have been introduced as well to expand the womans segment and this increased the generated revenue for the organization. Because of the high prices of products and services delivered by Nike, the targeting demographic variables had been education and income level of the customers (Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra, 2013). Analysis of target customers and competitors Nike Inc. is one of the major sports footwear and apparel company that has targeted the professional athletes mostly and through continuous innovation of products and services, the company has improved the potential of athletes and fulfilled their needs and requirements too quite easily. The company has now targeted the women segment within the New Zealand market by providing them with good quality womens clothing and accessories. The young athletes are the targeted market and this has created huge potential and opportunities for the company. Previously the company targeted the people who enjoyed sports, but with time, the company had managed to innovate its products and services and targeted both the young adults and women, who want something new and attraction that could improve their lifestyle (Kumar Mirchandani, 2012). The top competitors of Nike are Adidas, Rebook, Puma, Fila, etc. The products of Adidas are sportswear, clothing and other accessories. It has worldwide revenue of more than $16 billion and brand valuation of $7 billion. Rebook is another company that provides kits of football, cricket and other sports events. Puma is one of the strong contenders of Nike though it has not good levels of sports sponsorships (Kumar et al., 2013). Thus, it could be understood that Nike emerged as a successful contender within the sports and apparel industry. The utilization of value based pricing strategy by Nike has enhanced its growth in sales and profit level. This kind of strategy has helped in identifying the price that the company has applied for the products to maximize its profit level according to the market share. The high value of products delivered has helped in maximizing the profit level largely too. The market segmentation strategy has brought fruitful results by managing agreements between the sports team and the company itself, which further sponsored and endorsed the team members. The majority consumers of Nike are sportsmen and so the company has enabled styling of the product objective and purpose (Morgan et al., 2012). The consumers were targeted effectively, which has developed product intimacy through management of quality and value for money. The business is conducted in a ethical manner and this has been possible by collaborating with the business partners, strategic suppliers and focus on the long term goals by making the employees engaged within the workforce and created good working conditions too. The Codes of conduct standards are evolved to increase the level of expectations of the factory partners and manage strict guidance related to the child labour, compensation, forced labour and association freedom. The working relationships are transformed, thereby giving enough chance to manage changes and benefit the workers of the organisation too (Mullins, Walkerb Boyd, 2012). 7 Ps of Marketing Marketing mix is one of the integral components of strategy and it consists of controllable variables that will be used to fulfill the needs of the targets consumers in the market. Marketing mix will enable to identify the best course of action for achieving the desired long-term goals and objectives, which provide the organization with competitive advantage in the market. Nike is one of the leading manufacturer and supplier of global athletic products such as sport apparels, shoes and equipments. Nike has a strong marketing strategy, which has provided them with competitive advantage in the market (nike.com, 2017). Marketing mix is a tool that is used to improve the strength of the brand and Nike has one of the most strongest marketing strategy in the market. The organization has been mainly focused on the pull strategy, which has helped them to gain competitive advantage over the competitors such as Reebok and Adidas. The marketing mix of Nike will be highlighted in detail in this part of the report (Perreault Jr, Cannon McCarthy, 2013). The product line of the organization is wide and consists of products such as the apparel, equipments and shoes. The organization is one of the market leader in their market segment and has extended their product line by including the products such as athletic bags and accessories. Nike has brand named Cole Haan that consist of casual footwear, apparels and accessories for all segment of the market. Moreover, the product line of the organization consist of brands such as Sports Specialties which has put on the market products like head gears, skate blades, ice skates, hockey sticks, protective gears, accessories and hockey jersey (Santos Laczniak, 2015). This shows that the organization has diversified portfolio and is able to incorporate large number of products into their extended product line, which is catering to the different market segment in the organization. Nike is delivering their products to the premium segment of consumers, which suggest that they have been using premium-pricing strategy. The pricing strategy of the organization has been developed in such a way so that they can compete with the other rivals in the market. Nike never compromises with the prices they offer because of the quality of the product they serve and they have been commanding high premiums (Shank Lyberger, 2014).Nike uses vertical integration in the pricing strategy where their own participants operate in different channels and multiple channel so that they can control the prices and costs of operation. The products of the organization are sold in multiple stores in all over the world and consist of other stores, which are exclusive only to Nike. Nike supplies their product in the international market through independent subsidiaries, licensees and distributors (Kukanja et al. 2017). The organization has established production units in all parts of the world and it has facilitated them in distributing the products in the market. The location of the store is one of the factors, which affects the promotion of an organization. The use of print media and advertising is evident in the organization and formed strategic alliances to promote their products. The organization had made contracts with famous players from all the fields which will includes players like Ronaldo and Lebron James. However, the inclusion of the online media for promoting their product has to be more efficient and Nike will have to more active on the social media platforms and the micro blogging sites as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram (Solomon, 2014). Thus, the organizations have been focusing on improving their digital marketing and have increased their cost of advertisements. However, online marketing and digital marketing if used in an effective way will be able to reduce the overall cost of the organization. The organization has diversified their product to cater to a wide range of consumers in the market. The target consumers include the premium consumers such as athletes. Nike has had targeted athletes from all the fields and provides wide range of products and equipments to the consumers (Aaker, 2013). Moreover, Nike also caters to normal consumer segment and has a different brand for catering to the needs of this segment. Nike is known for the designer products they offer to the consumers and they are able to provide customized products for each of the target segments. The products are designed in such a way that it will suit the needs of their desired field of expertise. Nike operates a global level and consists of large number of factories in various countries. Nike has their own set of independent distributors who supply products to the differ stores in all over the world (Armstrong et al., 2015). Marketing budget Marketing Expense Budget 2017 (OCT) 2017 (NOV) 2017 (DEC) 2018 2019 2020 Advertising $10,000 $12,000 $15,000 $20,000 $160,000 $260,000 Catalogs $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $25,000 $28,000 Websites $3,000 $11,800 $8,000 $5,000 $113,300 $125,000 Promotions $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $0 $16,000 $18,000 Shows $0 $0 $0 $0 $20,200 $22,000 Literature $0 $7,000 $0 $0 $7,000 $8,000 PR $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,000 $1,000 Seminars $1,000 $0 $0 $0 $31,000 $34,000 Service $2,000 $1,000 $500 $250 $10,250 $11,000 Training $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $60,000 $66,000 Other $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $12,000 $15,000 Total Sales and Marketing Expenses $29,000 $43,800 $51,500 $23,250 $445,750 $578,000 Percent of Sales 6.24% 9.36% 6.77% 3.75% 7.48% 8.82% Contribution Margin $114,310 $123,238 $80,161 $72,035 $913,563 $1,108,926 Contribution Margin/Sales 31.07% 26.33% 10.54% 11.63% 15.3% 16.92% (Source: As created by author) The marketing budget states that Nike will be using aggressive marketing strategy and they have significantly increased their market spending. The organization is more focused on spending in their digital and online marketing; if the strategy is implemented in a proper way it will result in increase in the revenue and the overall revenue that will be generated will be around 20%. Moreover, there is a increase in the brand events which will help to promote their products and create brand recognition in the market and help them to gain competitive advantage in the market. Conclusion The report was presented to focus on the major marketing techniques followed by Nike to create a sustainable place in the market. The major marketing objectives were to deliver high quality shoes and apparel items at reasonable prices and conducted a market research for understanding the sales, growth and performance. The SWOT and PEST analysis helped in assessing the market conditions and analyse the target customers. 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